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swfy ieiqhws ivc iek AYsI au~GI AOrq rwxI sdw kOr hY ijs ny Awpxy pqI dI jMg ivc ShId hoey dI ^br suxI qW ^br ilAwaux vwly dw GoVw hI lY ky jMg ivc jw pu`jI[
mYdwny-jMg ivc jw ky pqI Ssqr pihn AYsI jUJI ik jMg ij`q ky hI muVI[ rwxI sdw kOr ny jMg ivc AYsw jOhr idKlwieAw ik ieiqhws bx igAw[
ies vIrMgnw dw jnm sMn 1762 nUM srdwr dsONDw isMG dy Gr hoieAw sI[ aus dw AnMd kwrj knHeIAW imsl dy jQydwr srdwr jY isMG knHeIAw dy pu`qr srdwr gurb^S isMG nwl hoieAw sI[
rwxI sdw kOr dI sUJ nUM koeI pu`j nhIN skdw[ smkwlI ilKdy hn ik bVI au~cI soc vwlI AOrq sI[
do imslW dw swlW dw vYr aus ny AwpxI lVkI mihqwb kOr dw AnMd kwrj rxjIq isMG nwl kr ky ‘hB vMJw’ idqw[
pihlW Awpxy shury BweI jY isMG knHeIAw nUM mnwieAw Aqy iPr rxjIq isMG dI mW rwj kOr nUM AwpUM jw ky mnvwieAw ik vYr nhIN SoBdy[
kOx pu`jygw sdw kOr dI soc nUM ijs AMimRqsr nUM kbzy krn vyly hdwieq dy id`qI ik kuJ vI hovy pwvn Sihr ivc iksy dw isr nhIN l`Qxw cwhIdw[
Sihr vVidAW sdw kOr ny qopW ieMj clwieAW ijvyN drbwr swihb nUM slwmI idqI jw rhI hovy pr ivroDI iDr jwx lvy ik hmlwvr hoeI sdw kOr qy aus dy swQI qgVI &Oj nwl Awey hn[
AwqSbwzI ieqnI zorW dI clweI ik Agly jwx lYx ik bwrUd dI koeI QuVH nhIN[ iksy nUM JrIt q`k nw AweI qy BMgI imsl ny AMimRqsr dw kbzw sdw kOr nUM dy idqw[
jurAiq ikqnI sI ies dI audwhrx rxjIq isMG nUM nwl lY ky lwhOr jw Swh zmwn nUM vMgwr pwauxI hY[
AbdwlI dy pu`qr qYmUr ny qW sw& kih id`qw sI ik auh nhIN krygw hux pMjwb qy hmlw ikauNik auhdy ipauN ny kI K`itAw hmly kr kr ky[
pr AbdwlI dy poqry Swh zmwn ny nwsmJI qoN kMm lYNdy lwhOr ’qy hmlw kr idqw[
isMGW AwpxI AzmweI rx-nIqI ‘B`j B`j lVnw nwhI pwp’ ApxweI r`KI[
lwhOr Awaux q`k Swh zmwn swho swhI ho igAw[ aus nUM ^uS&ihmI ho geI ik aus dIAW qopW dI igxqI qy &Oj kSI qoN Swied is`K fr gey hn[
AhMkwr ivc Awpxy AihlkwrW ivckwr bVw kbol bol bYTw : dyKy ny is`K, jo myry GoiVAW dI twpW dI Awvwz sux ky hI B`j gey[
jd ieh ^br rwxI sdw kOr nUM pu`jI qW bwkI sB srdwrW nUM vMgwr pweI ik nOjvwn rxjIq isMG dw swQ dyvo[
sRI AMimRqsr dy iek`T nUM vMgwr pWdy aus ikhw sI : ‘jy quhwfy ivc klgIAW vwly dy b^Sy AMimRq dI bUMd dw rqI Br vI AMS hY qW Swh zmwn dy bVbolW dw f`t ky au~qr dyx leI mYdwn ivc auqro[ jy nhIN qW Awpxy vsqr dyvo qy myry pw ky GrIN bYTo’[
jd muVvW huMgwrw nw imilAw qW rxjIq isMG dy kuJ swQI nojvwnW nUM nwl lY ky sdw kOr sumn burj lwhOr hyTW jw pu`jI qy SwhI iklHy qy lgwqwr &wier kIqy[
rxjIq isMG ny aucI Awvwz nwl vMgwr pw ikhw : ‘Aw Eie AbdwlI dy poqry, qYnUM cVHq isMG dw poqrw pukwrdw eI[ hyTW auqr qW ik do do h`Q kr leIey’[
Swh zmwn ny vMgwr kI kbUl krnI sI sgoN qopW C`f AYsw n`isAw ik pMjwb vl Pyr mUMh nw kIqw[
ieh vI sdw kOr dI hI nIqI sI ik qopW Swh zmwn nUM vwps kr id`qIAW jwx qW ik j`g qy prgt ho jwvy ik n`Ty hoey dy iksy mwl qy is`K Awpxw h`k nhIN jqlWdw[
iesy swl rxjIq isMG ny julweI, 1799 nUM lwhOr qy kbzw vI kr ilAw[
dlyr ieqnI ik jd ^br pujI ik swihb isMG gujrwqI qy fl isMG AkwlgVHIAw gujrWvwlw rlvW hmlw krn dI soc rhy hn qW ds hzwr &Oj nwl gujrwq qy jw cVHI[
jy bwbw swihb isMG bydI ivc pY ky jMg nw rokdy qW ies ny rx ivc hr b`cw Gwx kr dyxw sI[
iPr cOVy ihrdy vwlI ieqnI ik jd fl isMG nUM bMdI bxw ky lwhOr ilAWdw igAw qW rxjIq isMG nUM irhw krn dI mq idqI ikauNik srdwr mhW isMG ny hI fl isMG nUM AkwlgVH dI srdwrI b^SI sI[ v`ifAW dy kIqy ’qy Pu`l cwVHny in`ikAW dw &rz huMdw hY[
iek vwrI sMswr cMd ktocIAw vDdw gVHdIvwl qk Aw igAw[ aus nUM hMkwr ho igAw qy gurU pwqSwhW bwry koJy Sbd vI bol bYTw[
sdw kOr nUM ^br hoeI qW aus rxjIq isMG nUM pihlW ies doKI nUM szw dyx ih`q hmlw krn leI ikhw[ aus hMkwrI ny mukwblw kI krnw sI sgoN nzrwny lY ky pyS hoieAw qy kubolW dI iKmw mMgI[
hzwrw dI dUjI lVweI ivc srdwr hrI isMG nlvw, kMvr Syr isMG qy jrnYl Swm isMG AtwrIvwlw nwl pTwxW nUM sbk isKlwaux leI muihMm cwVHI[ qlvwr sUq ky sPW cIrdI pTwxW qy jw peI[
iek AOrq nUM ies qrHW jUJdy dyK pTwx GurinAW ivc jw vVy[
pTwxW eIn mMnI pr sdw kOr ny ikhw qusIN zbwn dy ky mu`kr jWdy ho ies leI iek`T ivc Aw ky iKmw mMgo[
ies muihMm qoN bwAd hI rxjIq isMG nwl ivgVI[
g`l ies qrHW hoeI ik SrwrqI iDAwn isMG ny is&q krdy krdy ieh slwh vI idqI ik kMvr Syr isMG nUM hux v`KrI jwgIr idE ikauNik aus ny jMg ivc bVI dlyrI idKweI hY[
rxjIq isMG ny hwsy nwl kih idqw ijMnw ielwkw nwnI dyvy auqnI hI mYN dy idAWgw[
A`goN rwxI sdw kOr ny kih idqw ik swry ausy dI hY, mrn ipCoN ausy hI sWBxI hY[
bs AYsI g`l cuBI rxjIq isMG nUM ik aus ny swrw ielwkw kbzw kr ky, hI swh ilAw[ hwsy dw mVwsw bx igAw[ kuJ vI hovy, rwxI sdw kOr Awpxw krq`v inBw geI[
sdw kOr dw Akwl clwxw sMn 1832 nUM s`qr swl dI aumr ivc hoieAw[
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