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mhwrwxI ijMd kOr
jy koeI buJwrq pw ky pu`Cy ik sMswr ivc auh ikhVI SYA hY ijs ivc ieqnIAW cuMBk SkqIAW hn jo iksy nUM Awpxy v`l iKc vI pwauNdI hY qy rMg ivc vI rMg lYNdI hY qW suBwvk iek hI jvwb imlygw : “AOrq”[
ijs AOrq nUM mzwk vjoN qy inMdw kridAW ‘BMf’ ikhw jWdw sI ausy nUM gurU nwnk dyv jI mhwrwj ny AYsw ‘BWfw” ikhw ijs ivcoN nw isr& ‘izMdgI’ aupjdI hY sgoN ijs ivc SkqI vI hY, Awpxy ijhw bxwaux dI[ jy BWfw mzbUq hY qW vsqU vI itkI rvHygI[
TIk BWfy dI qrHW AOrq dw mzbUq hoxw bhuq zrUrI hY[ AOrq cwhy iksy vI rUp ivc hovy BwvyN bytI, BYx, pqnI, mW aus Awpxw &rz ^Ub inBwxw hY[
aus nUM pqw hY jy auh bytI hY aus Srm qy sukrm dIAW h`dW ivc rihxw hY[
jy auh pqnI hY aus hr iek dI ^uSI nUM mwx dy ky vI inmwxw rihxw hY[
jy auh BYx hY qW aus iezq dyNdy lYNdy sImwvW ivc rihxw hY[
jy auh mW hY, aus QwpVnw vI hY pr Q`pV mwrn qoN vI sMkoc nhIN krnw[
iesy qrHW mW dw krq`v sB qoN au~cW qy inrwlw hY[ aus dI ku`KoN ijs bwlk ny jnm ilAw aus nUM shI idSw ausy ny hI pRdwn krnI hY[
gurU nwnwk dyv jI ny ikhw sI ‘miq mwqw’[
jy ku`Ko rwjy ny jnm ilAw hY qW aus nUM iks qrHW aus rwjg`dI dy Xog bxwauxw hY[ jy auh rwh Bu`l jwey aus nUM smJw ky rwh qy ikvyN pwxw hY[
mhwrwxI ijMd kOr vI iek AYsI mW sI ijs Btky hoey byty nUM is`Dy rwh pwieAw[ aus nUM Awpxw krq`v smJwieAw[
sr jwhn lwrMs ny idRVH-icq vwlI ijMdW dyK ky iliKAw sI : ies ivc rqw Br vI S`k nhIN ik mhwrwxI dw dovyN dySW ‘Bwrq qy ieMglYNf’ ivc rihxw, ^qrnwk hY[ Bwrq ivc rhIN qW zrUr koeI bZwvq KVI hovygI Aqy jy ieMglYNf ivc geI qW auh mhwrwjw dI socxI qy burw Asr pwvygI[
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mhwrwxI Aqy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dI mwqw dw jnm sMn 1817 ipMf cwV (izlw isAwlkot qihsIl zPrvwl) ipqw srdwr mMnw isMG AaulK dy Gr hoieAw[
mhwrwxI Dun dI p`kI, ierwdy dI idRVH dlyr AOrq sI[ aus dI S^sIAq Aqy SkqI qoN AMgryzI hkUmq GbrWdI sI[
lwrf AYln broA ny iek ic`TI ivc ifaUk AY& vilMgtn nUM iliKAw sI, ‘bwlk dlIp isMG dI mW mrdW vwlI dlyrI r`Kx vwlI AOrq hY[ lwhOr drbwr qy nzr mwirAW kyvl auh hI bhwdr ivAkqI dyKI hY’[
1846 nUM lwrf flhozI ny vI ieh hI iliKAw ik auh hI ieko AYsI ivAkqI hY ijs ivc iqKI fUMGI sUJ hY[ aus nUM pMjwb ivc Awaux dyxw AMgryzW leI ^qrnwk hovygw, so pMjwboN dUr hI r`KI jwey[
AMgryzW-is`KW dI pihlI jMg mgroN dsMbr 15, 1845 eI. nUM lwhOr ivKy sMDI dIAW SrqW qYA krn leI g`lbwq ho rhI sI qW dIvwn dInw nwQ ny rwie idqI ik sMDI krn qoN pihlW mhwrwxI ijMdW koloN vI pu`C ilAw jwvy qW &rYfirk ikaurI ny ikhw sI, ‘gvrnr jnrl mhwrwxI dI nhIN, srdwrW Aqy is`K rwj dy QMmHW dI rwie pu`Cdy hn’[
srdwr qW srdwrIAW C`fx leI pihlW hI bYTy sn Aqy QMmH igr cu`ky sn[ ieko Aws ijMdW hI sI[
iPr jd qyj isMG nUM vzIr dI pdvI idqI geI Aqy bwlk mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM drbwr ivc ‘it`kw’ lgwaux leI ikhw igAw qW mhwrwjw ny ienkwr kr idqw Aqy AVy rhy qW BweI inDwn isMG ny BweI qyj isMG dy m`Qy qy it`kw lgw ky rsm pUrI kr idqI [
pr mhwrwxI ijMdW dI ijMd dI Aw bxI[ ieh mW dy aupdySW dw pRBwv hI jwixAw igAw qy mhwrwxI nUM smyq mhwrwjw dlIp isMG aus smyN SwhI iklHy suMmn burj ivc 7 Agsq 1849 nUM nzrbMd kr idqw igAw[
kYd ivc mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM qMg kIqw igAw[ pwxI qk nw idqw igAw[ qlwSI leI geI[
ijMdW nUM ikhVw qsIhw hY jo AMgryzI srkwr nhIN idqw[ kdy bnwrs, kdy nypwl qy kdy nwsk bMdI ivc riKAw igAw[
jd auh b`cy nUM imlI qW iqMn g`lW khIAW sn, mW ny pu`q nUM:
1. qyrw Drm is`K Drm hY, qYnUM AMimRq Ck ky isMG sjxw cwhIdw hY[
2. AMgyrzW qyry nwl DoKw kr ky pMjwb KoihAw hY, qy
3. Brovwl dy muAwdy qy ijnHW ds^q krwey hn auh qyry srpRsq sn qy q^q qoN nhIN sn lwh skdy[
mW dI ies Awvwz dw ieMnw Asr hoieAw ik aus ny nUM iPr AMimRq CikAw[
ieqnw idRVHqw Aw geI mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ivc ik aus Awpxy iek jmwqI bwl sKw krnl bwielo nUM iliKAw ik Swied auh idn Aweygw jd qUM qy mYN mYdwny jMg ivc iek dUjy swhmxy hovWgy ikauNik iek &Oj bxw ky mYN Bwrq pu`jx dI koiSS kr irhw hW[
mhwrwxI dI cmqkwrI soc smJ hI sI, ijs nUM dyK lyfI-logn nUM vI ilKxw ipAw ik myry swhmxy auh AOrq sI ijhVI kdy is`K rwj dI Awqmw igxI jWdI sI[ aus dy husn, isAwxp, rwjsI ivauNqW qy Awqmk bl dIAW khwxIAW jgq pRis`D hn[
lyfI logn ny mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM bVI mnwaux dI koiSS kIqI ik auh Bwrq nw jwvy pr aus nUM qW aus dI mW dI pukwr inq JMjoV rhI sI[ auh ikvyN rukdw[
dlIp isMG ny lyfI logn nUM iliKAw :
‘AY lyfI, aus dlIp isMG nUM Bu`l jw, ijs nUM qUM kdy jwxdI sI, ikauNik auh icrokxw mr cu`kw hY[ aus dI QW hux dlIp isMG jIauNdw hY[ jy ikDry qyrw koeI irSqydwr vI mYdwny jMg ivc swhmxy Aw jwvy qW auvyN hI mwrWgw ijvyN iksy hor AMgryz nUM[ mYN Awpxy svYmwn kuJ mohrW bdly nhIN vyc skdw’[
mhwrwxI Awp ilKdI hY ik AMgryzw pRqI myrI fUMGI iGrxw dw hI Pl hY ik mYN qy myrw AM\wxw dlIp isMG dovyN Bugq rhy hW[
jo ^q mhwrwxI ny suMmn burj ivcoN hYnrI lwrMs nUM iliKAw auh mhwrwxI ijMdW dI AMdrlI pIVw dw sUck qW hY hI pr ZdwrW dy mUMh iek s^q cpyV vI hY[
ic`TI dy Sbd sn, ‘qusIN gu`Jy rwj ikauN sWBdy ho[ zwhrw ho ky ikauN nhIN krdy! nwly dosq dw hr& r`Kdy ho, nwly kYd krdy ho[ myrI Adwlq kro nhIN qW lMdn PrXwd krWgI[ iqMn chMm nmk hrwmW nUM rK lvo, hor swry pMjwb nUM Pwhy lgw idE[ ienHW dy AwKy lg ky qy’[
AMgryz smJ gey sn ik mhwrwxI qy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM iek`iTAW r`K ky aunHW dy GVy mnsUby kwmXwb nhIN hox l`gy[
so mW pu`qr nUM zbrd`sqI A`f kr idqw Aqy mhwrwxI nUM SyKUpury dy iklyH ivc 20 Agsq 1847 nUM kYdI bxw r`K idqw igAw[ auQoN vI ijMdW ny krVIAW ic`TIAW ilKIAW[
pr ijs dI Awqmw hI sON cu`kI hovy aunHW qy ic`TIAW dw kI Asr hoxw sI[
TIk iliKAw sI mhwrwxI ijMdW ny, “pMj cwr nmk hrwmW nUM rK lvo Aqy bwkI pMjwv nUM Pwhy dy dyvo”[
pMjwb ivc r`Kxw ^qrnwk jwx ky mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM dyS inkwlw dy idqw igAw Aqy cunwr dy iklHy ivc kYd kr idqw igAw[
lwrMs ny iliKAw ieh cMgI qrHW smJ lYxw cwhIdw hY ik mhwrwxI hI ies mulk ivc swfI nIqI dI duSmx hY[
cunwr qoN &kIrnI dy Bys ivc kYdoN inkl ky nypwl clI geI Aqy sMn 1861 qk auQy rih ky auQoN Awpxy b`cy dlIp isMG nUM imlx ieMglYNf geI[
46 vrHy dI aumr ivc ikMgstn dy AsQwn qy pihlI Agsq 1863 nUM ieh bhwdr AOrq cVHweI kr geI[ auh Awpxy byty nUM AwK geI sI ‘dyKIN myrIAW h`fIAW nw rolIN, ies inrdeI dyS ivc[ ihMdusqwn lY jweIN’[
sskwr ihMdusqwn ivc ilAw nwisk hI kIqw igAw Aqy ijMd kOr dIAW AsQIAW vI nrbdw ivc nwisk nyVy pweIAW geIAW[
ipCoN mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dI SwhzwdI bMbw ny nwisk qoN Bsm ilAw ky mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI smwDI pws lwhOr 27 mwrc 1924 nUM AsQwpx kr id`qI[
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